Importance Of Cross Cultural Leadership

Importance Of Cross Cultural Leadership In the 21st century, many companies operate in international markets and leadership has to deal with the cross-cultural differences. Most researchers and practitioners are saying that the leader of tomorrow is someone who can jump across boundaries and disciplines and analyze cultural differences in global (Shinn, 2011).The leaders have to learn how to get along with the employees and leading a good team of different cultural backgrounds. And some researchers have been predicting that globalization, increased technology and changing demographics would create new challenges for leaders who must manage in a diverse workforce. All of those factors have increased the possibly that workers are from various nationalities, different culture backgrounds and a variety of religions will be required to work together. The problem of Leadership seems to be particularly important in international and cross-cultural market where they run business. The leaders of these companies need to consider not only the countrys economic, political and environment, but also the cultural differences between their country and the international country. So the controversy is the leaders can successfully lead the team in the cross-cultural background or not. Different people hold different views. In my opinion, I think cross-cultural leadership will be success. The purpose of this paper is to briefly introduce the importance of cross-cultural leadership in the international business. Then it will discuss the challenges and problems of the cross-cultural leadership and also will analyze the situation and applications with appropriate theories. Finally, the essay will end with a synthesized conclusion. Importance of cross-cultural leadership There are two kinds of understanding of cross-cultural leadership. One is from the point of view of the organization to understand the cross-cultural leadership, cross-cultural leadership is the leader in the implementation of an organization constituted by the staff of different nationalities, different values and different cultural backgrounds to guide and coordinate the behavior. From this perspective, cross-cultural leadership is present in among the multinational and transnational organizations. In addition, an understanding from the perspective of cultural exchange and cultural changes, the cross-cultural leadership as to adapt to a new wave of globalization and services worldwide wave of cultural leadership activities. From this perspective, cross-cultural leadership is a unique phenomenon to test the ability of leaders is able to lead and adapt the cultural challenges. Because the cultural variances are knowledge so important for the multinational companies leadership activities, it is significant for the leaders to develop good understanding about the key of different cultural variances (Rupp, 2011). Furthermore, nations specific cultural attributes play an important role in determining the selection of leadership style. Challenge and application Based on the previous studies, most of the suggestions for global leaders are relatively brief and generalized, such as understanding and respecting other cultures or fulfilling the cultural gaps. They fail to guide leaders in detail on how to behave and achieve these responsibilities. With the acceleration of business globalization, more and more academics have growing concerns about the way cultural differences impact on leadership behaviours (Littrell, 2002). Grow up of cross-cultural leadership cause of the business internationalization and globalization, on the one hand, it led to the spread of the advanced leadership concepts, but on the other hand, has also led to some of the countrys leadership values began to decline. For example, in the process of internationalization of Japanese companies, Japans traditional values in life is difficult to tune with the wave of global leadership; In India, Nigeria and other developing countries, the concept of leadership has become increasingly complex, the evaluation also shows the diversity of leadership performance and leadership structure; even understanding of the leader is different in different countries. Global Leadership and Robert House (2004) argue that as the globalization of business continues to increase in the 21st century, organizations must consider the cultural differences. He also states that as economic borders come down, cultural barriers go up, thus presenting new challenges a nd opportunities for culture-cultural leadership. The challenge of cross-cultural leadership is difficult in the world because of its diverse work force. Different national cultures play a critical role in success effective leadership in international businesses. The organizations are thus challenged by the cross-cultural leadership and needs to address the increasing culture diversity. One of the major barriers in any cross-cultural leadership situation is for the members of each cultural group to develop a full understanding of what leadership means to the other group. Some people thought that the cross-cultural leadership would destroy their original leadership style and rules. Hofstede (2003) has conducted a great number of empirical researches on the cultural differences and summarized his six cultural dimension theory, which systematically examines the cultural variances. Hofstedes theories give an important guideline to the leaders let them to know the different cultures and decide how to lead in the cross-cultural country in order to avoid the culture conflict in the international leadership and success leading the teams. The other challenge is in the different nations culture, the way of communication between leaders and employees is also different. An example is the leader of the United States is usually directly, they will point out the errors facing you directly, but the Japanese leaders tend to convey to indicate through pass the notes. If there are any negative reviews, the leader just through colleagues to pass that. Sometimes, if the leader doesnt know the culture and leadership style in that country, it will engender the culture conflict and problem. Todays multinational corporations requires leaders who have good ability to adapt the cross-culture environments rapidly, and can effective work with partners and leading employees of other cultures (Service and White, 2012). As a result, the company changed the system of rationalization proposals to the collective recommendation system, bonuses to the team, and it achieved good result. Visible, cross-cultural leadership is a high reward demanding activities. According to Morrison (2000), the leaders should share the information and knowledge about their own culture, and also need to know how to adapt to the other cultures. Moreover, the leaders need to identify the gaps between different cultures and need to learn how to bridge them to avoid the conflict. To improve leadership performance, cross-cultural leader must be able to get all kinds of information in a timely and smooth flow of feedback in order to adjust their behavior. GLOBE is a large research effort offering useful tools for understanding cultural effects and developing the sensitivity to achieve leadership effectiveness in a global context. It was designed to investigate the intricate effects of culture on business leadership and effectiveness, and the human impacts of societies studied (House Javidan, 2004). It aims to fulfill the substantial gap on cross-cultural factors affecting organizational and leadership practices, by examining the roles of societal and organizational values. The strengths of GLOBE research are giving leaders a good starting point to explore the knowledge of cross-cultural leadership. More importantly, it also helps leaders to know effective behaviours in leadership implementation and how to behave properly across cultural contexts. QQà ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾20130420125751.png Source: House Javidan (2004). Conclusion According to Service (2012) indicated that, the global venture problems occur because lack of leadership skills and knowledge in relating with the people in different culture backgrounds. Integration of technologies, nations, cultures, relationships, and interests continues to characterize the twenty-first century workplace (Potoker, 2011). Leading across cultures requires specific skills, and organizations should provide formal training along with expatriate assignments to develop leaders who can achieve results in this demanding environment (Mathis and Jackson, 2013). From the above analysis, in the 21st century, cause the globalization, the demand of cross-cultural leaders will be more and more, and for leaders of todays and tomorrows businesses, the ability to connect people and leading successful teams in a cross-cultural environment is an important competency. The organizations need to become more effective when they are able to identify and foster the appropriate leader behaviors for the relevant cultural situation. The leader should know well about the difference of the culture background in order to avoid the culture conflict and leading more effectively.

All Firms Should Produce at MR=MC Essay

In economics, the point of profit maximizing and loss minimizing is called MR=MC. This point is where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, meaning that cost does not exceed revenue and revenue does not exceed cost. This is a profit-maximizing zone, meaning that total cost is not the lowest, but is farthest away from the total returns. The optimal point of production for the firm is at the point MR=MC. Marginal revenue is defined as the change in total revenue as a result of producing an additional unit, while marginal cost is the increase or decrease of a firm’s total cost of production as a result of the change in production by one additional unit. When these two are equal, the firm is not losing money, and is making the most profit possible. In the area of the graph where less quantity is being sold, the firm still obtains a profit but it is not maximized, and in the area of the graph where more quantity is being sold, profit is less and money can be lost from the firm. To the left of MR=MC, cost is low to the firm and revenue is high. As the graph progresses toward the point of MR=MC, each unit provides less and less profit. As the first unit is produced, the profit is high for that unit, but the profit for each extra unit produced declines toward the point of profit maximization. This may sound absurd, and may make the reader wonder why the firm does not produce at the first unit. However, as each unit is produced, the firm gets to keep the profit from every unit produced previously. This would add up to far more profit than if the firm produced when cost is lowest and revenue is greatest. The point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost is the point where all of the profits from the previous units are combined. At this point, total cost is not at its lowest, and total revenue is not the greatest, but are farthest away from each other, which is represented in the graphs attached. It is true that in the less quantity level of the graph revenue exceeds cost, however, the profit at MR=MC is far more than any of the units produced. To the right of MR=MC, total costs exceed total revenue. The firm would spend more money on workers, resources, and the production of goods, and not get a  great profit back. Once the quantity of goods produced passes the point where MR=MC, the firm not only does not make a great profit, but after a while, it loses the money that the company has already, and soon the company would go into debt. The point of profit maximization and loss minimization is the ideal point of production because if the firm was to produce more, all previous profit would be lost and the firm could possibly close down. As shown in the graphs attached, the profit depletes until the point where money is being taken from the firm just to produce more. When the firm cuts down its production and gets to the point of MR=MC again, the profit will once again be maximized. To conclude, the point of loss minimization and profit maximization is where marginal revenue equals marginal costs. This way, all profit from previous units sold is combined for a large profit and all costs do not exceed the total revenue. The firm should always produce at the point where MR=MC. If they move to the left or right of this point, total profit would drop. As the change in total revenue changes, so does the cost of production. The optimal point of production is when both of these are equal to each other. The graphs attached show how profit is still being made on other points of the curve, but MR=MC is the greatest. If a firm wants to increase revenue and profit, the best bet is to produce where marginal return is equal to marginal cost.

The Benefits of Psychology Research Paper

The Benefits of Psychology Research Paper How to Get Started with Psychology Research Paper? You most likely have a list of psychology research topics to pick from. The second aim of the list of social psychology research topics is associated with the first since it helps readers that are already interested in a topic find new topics that might be of interest. Speaking about general psychology, you can decide on the subject from the entire course. There are several interesting psychology topics to pick from. If you are not sure of your interests, or curious regarding the state of the area, take care to explore publications from general psychology journals like Psychological Bulletin and American Psychologist. Psychology is one the disciplines that have a great deal of topics to pick from which is the reason why many students gets a difficult time attempting to choose one. Last year students often discover that it's challenging to opt for an appropriate research topic for their psychology lab file, and usually make an effort to make things more complicated than they have to be. If you're a student of psychology, you'd be asked to select a specific topic for the last research paper. What Is So Fascinating About Psychology Research Paper? It isn't necessary that the research question is approved, it may be rejected. Social psychological work was applied to a fantastic many real-world settings. Production theory is a relevant financial theory which entails conversion of inputs and out puts in regard to resources utilized in creation of products and services. Be aware it is also important to select the ideal research procedures. Just like any profession, there are specific personal qualities that could predict increased success in the area of psychological research. You can concentrate on the effects of the next topics on the nature and development of a kid, adult or elderly. Identifying the learning pattern of children can result in a very good outcome. Development psychology is centered on the lifespan of human beings, so you've got numerous topics to pick from. Psychology Research Paper - the Conspiracy The post has enhanced my research abilities. If you are thinking about how to choose research topics for psychology, you should know this decision will change the whole process of writing the paper. Instructors sometimes require that we've borrowed the simple outline in mla buy pre written papers is a vast scratch services like. Don't spell out all th e particulars of a part of research unless it is one you're replicating. Solomon Asch made a famed experiment on conformity, showing that individuals would agree with the vast majority stance even if it was obviously erroneous. For example, you could tackle any present issue in psychology like equality in mental wellness. Researching any issue about government or laws can get overwhelming because of the intricacy of the issues and even on account of the wording of some laws. The Appeal of Psychology Research Paper The reader is currently a little more convinced that research about very tiny children and computer programs makes sense. If you're writing about social problems, you will usually be writing about the way the topic affects larger groups of people, like how poverty affects a whole generation. In an attempt to help the 2 populations minimize the chance of experiencing trauma, it's crucial for them to find advice which assists them erase the unlawful acts. Cognitive p sychology tackles the unique mental processes happening in an individual's mind. Things You Won't Like About Psychology Research Paper and Things You Will Locating a topic for your study can be tough, but there are lots of great techniques to produce intriguing ideas. Before you choose to tackle a project for your social psychology class, there are some critical things you want to take into account. Luckily, there are tons of great places to seek out inspiration and the subsequent list contains just a couple of suggestions to help get you started. When terrific acts arise, there's an effect of overall pandemonium which stalls the standard method of doing things. Make sure you can form a great hypothesis on the subject you're selecting and you must pick a topic that has sufficient content easily available and accessible via online forums. Locating a solid topic is just one of the most significant steps when writing any kind of paper. When you know your subject, you can get s tarted hunting for resource materials. Still there are a few general tips you may apply when choosing a topic. In many locations, those who have schizophrenia are in a position to get assistance from local community mental health facilities and possibly be eligible for a case manager. As soon as you own a list of resources, pick those that you feel will supply you with the ideal information for your research. Industrial and organizational psychology examines issues associated with the workplace, including staffing difficulties and employee administration. It's possible for you to talk about how to improve your advertising campaign online by using inbound marketing, customer behavior research, and societal media. A History of Psychology Research Paper Refuted Not that it's obligatory for a college paper, but if you would like to prevent plagiarism charges, you should revolve around something special. You've got to look throughout the net and your library to locate reliable s ources of inspiration and fact-checked examples you may include in the paper. Much like any research paper essay, the main thing is to construct your topic and paper with the robust evidence. Its goal is to permit the reader to determine whether to read the paper or not.

Construction Assistance Program Fsd School Facilities

FSD School Facilities Dianna Cramer Walden University Abstract Washington State’s Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) operates the state’s K-12 capital grant programs through the School Facilities and Organization (SFO). The state’s largest grant is the School Construction Assistance Program (SCAP), which provides funding aid for facility planning, updates and new construction. Finley School District is currently utilizing the SCAP funding in the building construction and modernization in order to house a wood shop, a metal shop, two carrier and technical education (CTE) classrooms and two greenhouses. The School Construction Assistance Program (SCAP) provides funding aid to†¦show more content†¦The new facilities will provide courses, including STEM science, engineering development, bio-tech lab, animal science, horticulture science, floriculture and 3D printing. The FSD received OSPI approval and funding for the project after submitting the compliance verification and details with the applicable state and local regulations. The Educational Service District assists FDS with meeting regulatory requirements and implementing the optimal management practices. OSPI does not have the authority to manage the construction process, or the school operation and maintenance. FSD is committed to completing the steps necessary in the planning, designing and construction of their project. The process of the school facility building program is in accordance with Washington’s SCAP. The High-Performance Public Buildings Law requires construction to be designed and built to high-p erformance green building standards (Washington State Legislature, 2011). The construction is generally a multi-year (between two to four years for completion) and a multi-phase process. There are six phases: preliminary planning, financing school construction, predesign analysis, preparing for construction, construction and occupancy. In phase one, FSD’s Board of Directors are responsible for addressing the needs of the district, and the necessary facilities needed to meet these needs. The results are compiled inShow MoreRelatedResearch - Ports6316 Words   |  26 Pagesinitial planning and design process construction and operational requirements of a commercial airport are established. The requirements are governed by the FAA under airport certification requirements identified in 14 CFR 139. Security systems, methods, and procedures within the construction and operational process are the obligation of TSA. The Federal Security Director (FSD) is the designated TSA official that approves the required Airport Security Program (ASP) document, the document identifiesRead MoreChemical Hazards43022 Words   |  173 PagesDisaster Management Institute Disaster Management Information System Disaster Management Plan Defence Research and Development Organisation xii Index Back Next ABBREVIATIONS DRM DTIE EIA EIP EMP ENVIS EOC ERC ERF ERRIS ESIC FE FICCI FSD GIDC GIS GPS HAZAN HAZCHEM HAZMAT HAZOP HPC HPCL HSE IATA ICA ICAO ICC ICMA ICMR ICSC IDLH IDRN IICT IIM IIT ILO IMO IPCL IPCS IRPTC IS ISDR ITRC Disaster Risk Management Division of Technology, Industry Economics Environment Impact AssessmentRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 PagesTable Of Content Army Programs ........................................ 4 ASAP - Army Substance Abuse Program ..................... 29 ACS - Army Community Service ........................... 32 ACES - Army Continuing Education Center ................... 34 AER - Army Emergency Relief ............................ 37 Army Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program ........... 40 EO - Equal Opportunity ................................ 44 AFAP - Army Family Action Plan .........................